Great Depression Outline

I Intro (Leave Blank for now)

  The era of the Great Depression was the worst economic decline in the history of America. It affected all americans in all different classes in one way or another. Its causes were overspeculation, government policy, and unstable economy. Throughout the 1930's americans struggled to regain the "good times" they'd experienced after the end of world war one. President Roosevelt's new deal ushered in many new government policies to jump start the economy but nothing seemed to help. In the end, it was the start of another world war that allowed america to regain control of its disastrous economic issues.

II Causes (The causes of the great depression were stock market crash, unemployment and deflation)

A overspeculation (Define, how important)

- People borrowing excessive money, banks going out of business.

B Govt Policy

- government policies didn't regulate the stock exchange.

C Unstable Econ

- excessive fluctuations in the macroeconomy. An economy with a not stable growth and low and inflation would be considered economically unstable.

1 uneven prosperity

- When the rich were getting richer and the poor were getting poorer.

2 overproduction

- relative measure, referring to the excess of production over consumption. The tendency for an overproduction of commodities to lead to economic collapse is specific to the capitalist economy.

3 worker issues / farm issues

 - After the war they were competing for jobs and during the war famers made good money but after the war they were competing with farmers in europe. 

III Effects

A Poverty - People lost their jobs and were very poor, soup kitchens 

B Society - artists stared to paint the horrors of the great depression 

C World - Hitler rises to power in Germany 

IV Solutions

A Hoover - Hoover was the 31st President of the United States.

1 Volunteerism - Public works, Hoover refused to give money directly but they worked for the government. 

2 Public Works - The Hoover Dam 

3 Hawley Smoot - U.S. law enacted in June 1930 which caused an increase in import duties by as much as 50%.

4 RFC - The Reconstruction Finance Corporation (RFC) was an independent agency of the United States government

B Roosevelt - was an American author, naturalist, explorer, historian, and politician who served as the 26th President of the United States.

1 new deal - Was a series of domestic programs enacted in the United States between 1933 and 1938. They involved laws passed by Congress as well as presidential executive orders during the first term of President Franklin D. Roosevelt.

a alphabet soup

            example: SEC

            example: FHA 

            example: HOLC

            example: NYA

b Criticsim?

Some people liked the idea of the new deal others didn't 

2 2nd new deal

 The legislation that Roosevelt and Congress passes between 1935 and 1938 - The second new deal legislation relied more heavily on the Keynesian style of deficit spending.

B Political Criticism (ex. Came from both the conservatives and liberals)

A Conservatives

conservative coup against the new deal who thought that Roosevelt's plan were violating their rights 

B Liberals (ex: criticised the new deal also. They….)

Ex: Huey Long, democratic senator of Louisiana 

VI Effectiveness

A Changes in US

government became more involved 

B Unions

started strikes to get fair treatment

C Culture

people had restored faith in the American way of government 

Conclusion: 

 Despite all of Roosevelt's efforts to end the Great Depression, the economy still sputtered along. When the beginning of the second world war began to push its way into the view of the shattered country, americans fought the idea of being dragged into Europe's affairs when they were still recovering from their deprssion. In the end, it would take a war to spike America's economy. It would take a country of people working to save not just themselves, but many other people who had it much worse. Therefore, it was the beginning of a war that led to the end of the depression.

Duke Ellington

Duke Ellington was an American composer his real name was Edward, but his class mate gave him the nickname Duke and it stuck. While attending Dunbar High School in Washington D.C. he learned how to read and write music and improve his technique. By 1923 he moved to New York and formed his own band, called the Washingtonians. He was a bandleader of a jazz orchestra, but on the side he was a pianist. Ellington married his wife Edna when he was 19, she was his girlfriend since high school.  Duke influenced people around the world, he gave American music a new sound for the first time. In the 1920s he preformed in Broadway nightclubs as a bandleader for a sextet group which later formed a 10 piece ensemble. Some of his most popular songs included "Concerto for Cootie," "Cotton Tail" and "Ko-Ko."  "It Don't Mean a Thing if It Ain't Got That Swing," "Sophisticated Lady," "Prelude to a Kiss," "Solitude," and "Satin Doll.  He played over 20,000 performances in Europe, Latin America, the Middle East as well as Asia he also  and was considered Americas greatest composer. He even after his death in 1974, he remains one of the most influential figures in jazz.


http://www.biography.com/people/duke-ellington-9286338
http://www.dukeellington.com/ellingtonbio.html
http://www.thedukeellingtonsociety.org/dukeellington/dukebio.asp

WWI causes

1)  Militarism: The belief or desire of a government or people that a country should maintain a strong military capability and be prepared to use it aggressively to defend or promote national interests.


Alliances: A union or association formed for mutual benefit between countries or organizations.


Imperialism: a policy of extending a country's power and influence through diplomacy or military force.


Nationalism: Patriotic pride for your nation 


2) The spark that started World War I was the assassination of Austria's Archduke Franz Ferdinand and his wife Sophie.


3) 1915: Sinking of the Lusitania: The boat was sunk by a German U-boat in just 20 minutes. The sinking turned public opinion in many countries against Germany.  

    1916: Sussex Pledge: The Sussex Pledge was a promise by the Kaiser regarding the conduct of attacks on merchant ships by German U-boats 

    1917: Zimmerman Note: Secret telegram sent on Jan. 16, 1917, by German foreign secretary Arthur Zimmermann to Count Johann von Bernstorff, the German ambassador to the United States.

    1918: Unrestricted Sub Warfare:  a type of naval warfare in which submarines sink vessels such as freighters and tankers without warning

     
     

Propaganda

Propaganda is information that is spread for the purpose for promoting some cause. Propaganda was used in WW1 as in any war, but in World War One, the lengths to which governments would go to in an effort to blacken the enemy’s name reached a new level. Techniques included; newspaper prints, posters and public speeches. All forms of information were controlled so people only got to know what the government wanted them to know. Aims of propaganda were to recruit soldiers keep up/boost morale, support the war effort, government, encourage hatred of the enemy and protect civilians. Newspaper headlines were printed and designed to create chaos regardless if they were true or not. Their goal was to show that "our" side was fighting a moral war and that the enemy were cold-blooded cruel killers (which again, was to create chaos). Posters were a popular way to convince men to enlist in the war and a way to raise money and resources to sustain the military campaign. 


Government issued poster advertising different ways to prepare homes for winter in order to conserve fuel for the troops.













Military service offered young men the chance to travel the world and see places they could never otherwise have visited. 













A draft was quickly established, but men were urged to enlist for service. This poster portrayed military service as heroic.














The government’s first task was to convince citizens that they must support the war. Here, a woman dressed in the stars and stripes represents America and American liberty.