Duke Ellington

Duke Ellington was an American composer his real name was Edward, but his class mate gave him the nickname Duke and it stuck. While attending Dunbar High School in Washington D.C. he learned how to read and write music and improve his technique. By 1923 he moved to New York and formed his own band, called the Washingtonians. He was a bandleader of a jazz orchestra, but on the side he was a pianist. Ellington married his wife Edna when he was 19, she was his girlfriend since high school.  Duke influenced people around the world, he gave American music a new sound for the first time. In the 1920s he preformed in Broadway nightclubs as a bandleader for a sextet group which later formed a 10 piece ensemble. Some of his most popular songs included "Concerto for Cootie," "Cotton Tail" and "Ko-Ko."  "It Don't Mean a Thing if It Ain't Got That Swing," "Sophisticated Lady," "Prelude to a Kiss," "Solitude," and "Satin Doll.  He played over 20,000 performances in Europe, Latin America, the Middle East as well as Asia he also  and was considered Americas greatest composer. He even after his death in 1974, he remains one of the most influential figures in jazz.


http://www.biography.com/people/duke-ellington-9286338
http://www.dukeellington.com/ellingtonbio.html
http://www.thedukeellingtonsociety.org/dukeellington/dukebio.asp

WWI causes

1)  Militarism: The belief or desire of a government or people that a country should maintain a strong military capability and be prepared to use it aggressively to defend or promote national interests.


Alliances: A union or association formed for mutual benefit between countries or organizations.


Imperialism: a policy of extending a country's power and influence through diplomacy or military force.


Nationalism: Patriotic pride for your nation 


2) The spark that started World War I was the assassination of Austria's Archduke Franz Ferdinand and his wife Sophie.


3) 1915: Sinking of the Lusitania: The boat was sunk by a German U-boat in just 20 minutes. The sinking turned public opinion in many countries against Germany.  

    1916: Sussex Pledge: The Sussex Pledge was a promise by the Kaiser regarding the conduct of attacks on merchant ships by German U-boats 

    1917: Zimmerman Note: Secret telegram sent on Jan. 16, 1917, by German foreign secretary Arthur Zimmermann to Count Johann von Bernstorff, the German ambassador to the United States.

    1918: Unrestricted Sub Warfare:  a type of naval warfare in which submarines sink vessels such as freighters and tankers without warning

     
     

Propaganda

Propaganda is information that is spread for the purpose for promoting some cause. Propaganda was used in WW1 as in any war, but in World War One, the lengths to which governments would go to in an effort to blacken the enemy’s name reached a new level. Techniques included; newspaper prints, posters and public speeches. All forms of information were controlled so people only got to know what the government wanted them to know. Aims of propaganda were to recruit soldiers keep up/boost morale, support the war effort, government, encourage hatred of the enemy and protect civilians. Newspaper headlines were printed and designed to create chaos regardless if they were true or not. Their goal was to show that "our" side was fighting a moral war and that the enemy were cold-blooded cruel killers (which again, was to create chaos). Posters were a popular way to convince men to enlist in the war and a way to raise money and resources to sustain the military campaign. 


Government issued poster advertising different ways to prepare homes for winter in order to conserve fuel for the troops.













Military service offered young men the chance to travel the world and see places they could never otherwise have visited. 













A draft was quickly established, but men were urged to enlist for service. This poster portrayed military service as heroic.














The government’s first task was to convince citizens that they must support the war. Here, a woman dressed in the stars and stripes represents America and American liberty.

The Sinking of the Maine

In 1898, on February 15th the Maine had been attacked. Who was there to blame? The Spanish. It was said that they had an underground mine. "Indications are that an underwater explosion produced the conditions here," said Commander George A. Converse. In 1976 they came to a conclusion that the mines available in 1898 were incapable of destroying the Maine. They found that the damage was from an internal explosion, most likely from a heat source from a fire in the coal bunker.

Progressive Era - The Jungle

1) What qualities did Sinclair believe a person must have to succeed in Packingtown?
- Sinclair believed that there was never time for a mans rest, they didn't get tired easily, they worked with a fast pace and men whom earned high wages.

2)According to the passage, what is the plant owner's main goal.
- The plant owners main goal was to get a lot of money, he didn't care about his workers. He was very greedy and selfish.

3) What does Sinclair mean when he says, "...there was no place in it where a man counted for anything against a dollar....?"
- Money is worth more than a man to the plant owner. He would choose money over a man because he is greedy.


The FDA is responsible for developing public health regulations. The FDA requires that fast food workers complete a food handling course. The course educates the workers on how to spot the major causes of food-borne illnesses, such as salmonella and E. coli. The FDA states that food preparation surfaces must also undergo a routine cleaning. Fast food restaurants should make sure that the surface is thoroughly rinsed. FDA has instituted rules that fast food restaurants must display the nutritional information on its products. An FDA rule states that eggs should be dried and chilled at temperatures below 45 degrees F to prevent the growth of Salmonella.