Earth Day

Part 1:

The beginning focuses on the conservation movement of the ‘60s, the Sierra Club, David Brower and the battle to halt dams in the Grand Canyon. Part 2 looks at ‘70s environmentalism around pollution, focusing on the battle led by Lois Gibbs over Love Canal. Act 3 is about alternative ecology strands. We begin with going back to the land, building ecological alternatives and exploring renewable energy. Part 4 tells of the rise of global issues in the ‘80s. It focuses on the struggle to save the Amazon and the rubbertappers. They campaign for extractive reserves. The last part concerns climate change. First we look at its scientific origins. Then comes more than 20 years of frustration from Rio to Kyoto to Copenhagen.

Part 2:

Since I love animals I decided to go more in-depth about saving the whales. The whale population depends on the health of the ecosystem in which it exists, and the many forms of pollution extend to all the world's oceans threatening all species. Contamination of the smaller prey species becomes concentrated in the tissue of larger marine predators and marine mammals. They carry pesticides, heavy metals, and disease causing organisms to all sea areas. Contamination levels in toothed whales and dolphins are high. In addition to chemical pollution, oil slicks are commonplace in the oceans. Some whales and dolphins in the Western North Atlantic have been surfacing repeatedly through oil-slicked areas. In contrast, gray whales studies off of the Southern California coast changed their migratory path and their swimming and diving behavior when coming into contact with oil patches from seepage. Gill nets and fish traps kill thousands of marine mammals annually. Whaling hunting is practiced today by Norway, the Faroe Islands and Japan. To help always make sure to never release balloons outside as they can travel hundreds of miles and land in rivers, creeks, and oceans.

Sources:
- http://www.savethewhales.org
- http://www.change.org/organizations/savethewhales
- "Watch Film: A Fierce Green Fire." PBS. PBS, n.d. Web. 24 Apr. 2014.

Woodstock 1969

The Woodstock Festival was a three-day concert that involved lots of sex, drugs, and rock 'n roll - plus a lot of mud. The Woodstock Music Festival of 1969 has become an icon of the 1960s hippie counterculture. The organizers of the Woodstock Festival were four young men: John Roberts, Joel Rosenman, Artie Kornfeld, and Mike Lang. The oldest of the four was only 27 years old at the time of the Woodstock Festival. in mid-July, before too many people began demanding refunds for their pre-purchased tickets, Max Yasgur offered up his 600-acre dairy farm in Bethel, New York to be the location for the Woodstock Festival. The late change in venue did not give the festival organizers enough time to prepare. At a meeting three days before the event, organizers felt they had two choices: One option was to improve the fencing and security, which might have resulted in violence; the other involved putting all their resources into completing the stage, which would cause Woodstock Ventures to take a financial hit. The crowd, which was arriving in greater numbers and earlier than anticipated, made the decision for them: The fence was cut the night before the concert. Although it featured memorable performances by Crosby, Stills and Nash (performing together in public for only the second time), Santana (whose fame at that point had not spread far beyond the San Francisco Bay area), Joe Cocker (then new to American audiences), and Hendrix, the festival left its promoters virtually bankrupt. They had, however, held onto the film and recording rights and more than made their money back when Michael Wadleigh’s documentary film Woodstock (1970) became a smash hit. The legend of Woodstock’s “Three Days of Peace and Music,” as its advertising promised, became enshrined in American history, at least partly because few of the festivals that followed were as star-studded or enjoyable. For those who passed through it, Woodstock was less a music festival than a total experience, a phenomenon, a happening, high adventure, a near disaster and, in s a small way, a struggle for survival. Friday afternoon, a festival official announced, “There are a hell of a lot of us here. If we are going to make it, you had better remember that the guy next to you is your brother.” Everybody remembered. Woodstock made it.

http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/647675/The-Woodstock-Music-and-Art-Fair

http://life.time.com/culture/woodstock-photos-from-the-legendary-1969-rock-festival/#1

http://www.woodstockstory.com/woodstock1969.html

9/11 Book Report

 
For my book report I read “New York, September 11^th” which describes the events that happened on 9/11. 9/11 was a series of four coordinated terrorist attacks launched by the group al-Qaeda upon the United States in New York and Washington D.C. on Tuesday, September 11th, 2001. The attacks killed almost 3,000 people and caused at least 10 billion dollars in property and infrastructure damage. In Boston’s Logan Airport, American Airlines flight 11 left at 7:59 A.M. flying to Los Angeles with a crew of 11 and 81 passengers aboard the plane including the five hijackers. Less than an hour into the flight the hijackers turned the plane around and flew it into the North Tower of the World Trade Center at 8:46 A.M.  “America is under attack. These were the words spoken by White House chief of staff, Andrew Card to President George W. Bush as he sat in a Florida elementary classroom. Even with the terrorist attacks, he remained seated and read out loud with the kids for at least 8 more minutes. He did nothing to show his fear." After the students were done reading he put his plans into action. Shortly after flight 11 left Boston, United Airlines Flight 175 left Logan Airport at 8:14 a.m. heading to Los Angeles with 65 people aboard the plane including five hijackers. After entering New Jersey the plane was turned around and heading towards New York. The hijackers flew the plane into the South Tower of the World Trade Center at 9:03 a.m. The North American Aerospace Defense Command would normally order escort aircraft to approach and follow an aircraft that was confirmed to be hijacked, but on 9/11 they weren’t notified in time to reach the hijacked planes, instead they were not in the air until after flight 11 had hit the North Tower.  "As terrorists seized control of four airplanes on Sept. 11th, 2001, Ben Sliney, chief of air-traffic-control operations at the FAA's command center gave the order to ground 4,000-plus planes across the nation to efficiently find the hijacked planes, while also  redirecting any planes in the sky to the nearest airport." An estimated 200 people jumped to their deaths after choosing to escape the suffocating smoke, dust, the flames and the steel-bending heat in the highest floors of the World Trade Center. The fall was said to take about 10 seconds, plummeting at around 125 miles per hour. They were instantly killed on impact. The collapse of the twin towers destroyed the rest of the complex, and debris from the collapsing towers severely damaged or destroyed more than a dozen other adjacent and nearby structures. The South Tower collapsed at 9:59 am, and at 10:28 am the North Tower collapsed. The days after the attacks millions of vigils and memorials were held around the world. One of the first major memorials was the Tribute in Light, an installation of 88 searchlights outlining the Twin Towers. Many others memorials have been held throughout the past years - the pentagon memorial, a plaque of all the people who died during the attacks, and a museum under where the twin towers once were.

Ch. 12 Sec. 5 sample notes

chapter 12 section 5 
hedgerows: dirt walls, several feet of thick, covered in shrubbery.
Battle of the Bulge: last major nazi offensive to destroy allies. Hitler wanted to cut off Allies supplies coming in through Belgium, but it didn't work and the Germans had to surrender. The allies had won.
V-E Day: Victory in Europe
Hiroshima: august 6, 1945, the us dropped the worlds first atomic bomb on the town of Hiroshima in Japan. The explosion killed a lot of the city, but thousands more died from radiation.
Manhattan Project: the code name for the American project to build an atomic bomb.it was headed by general groves, and once they created a bomb they tested it. 

Nuremberg Trials: the trails that were heald to bring nazi war criminals to justice. These were 13 trials that we're carried out charged nazis with crimes against peace and humanity.
UN: United Nations was a international political organization that was formed by Roosevelt to prevent another war. The UN would have a general assembly, where all member nations would get one vote.

12-2

Radio Show

News

• Today, on 1920 men are off at war, leading to not having enough men to build families. Moreover, Middle aged women and teens would be left to just themselves. With men off at war, and the Spanish Flu just ending it makes them think that they don’t have to have a "boring typical life.’’, they say that life is short and we should be enjoying it. These women are starting to be known as "Flappers". The literal definition behind this word is, birds flapping their wings. But in Northern England they refer to it as a women who bobbs their hair, wears short skirts or dramatic dresses, listens to Jazz, smokes and drinks specially during prohibition,, rides in an automobile,, bound their chests, and wear high heels. They engage to city life, and are the ones to experiment with sex. Many of them celebrate the age of the flappers as the female Declaration of Independence. They choose activities that please them instead of the typical women that pleases their husband or children. Now off to you, Nancy….

Sports

• On this day in 1920 New York Yankees major league baseball club announces its purchase of the heavy-hitting outfielder George Herman, also known as “Babe” Ruth. Ruth played 6 seasons with the Red Sox, leading them to 3 world series. On the mound Ruth set a new league record that is said to stand for many years. Having broken the major league home run record with 29 and led the American League with 114 runs-batted-in and In addition to playing more than 100 games in left field, he also went 9-5 as a pitcher. After the sale, the Yankees took over Ruth’s contract, which called for a salary of $10,000 per year. Aware of his value, Ruth had demanded a salary raise, and New York agreed to negotiate a new contract with terms that would satisfy their new slugger. With his amazing hitting, pitching and fielding skills, Ruth had surpassed the great Ty Cobb as baseball’s biggest attraction.

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V2

In the early 1930s, the German military began seeking out new weapons, which would not violate the terms of the Treaty of Versailles. Assigned to aid in this cause, Captain Walter Dornberger, an artilleryman by trade, was ordered to investigate the feasibility of rockets. Contacting the Verein fur Raumschiffarht (German Rocket Society), he soon came in contact with a young engineer named Wernher von Braun. Impressed with the VfR's work, Dornberger recruited von Braun to aid in developing liquid-fueled rockets for the military in August 1932. He created the A-4, later called the V-2, was a single-stage rocket fueled by alcohol and liquid oxygen. It stood 46.1 feet high and had a thrust of 56,000 pounds. The A-4 had a payload capacity of 2,200 pounds and could reach a velocity of 3,500 miles per hour.  On October 3, 1942 the A-4 was first launched from Peenemunde. Breaking the sound barrier, it reached an altitude of sixty miles. It was the world's first launch of a ballistic missile and the first rocket ever to go into the fringes of space. In 1943 Hitler decided to use the A-4 as a "vengeance weapon," and the group found themselves developing the A-4 to rain explosives on London. Fourteen months after Hitler ordered it into production, the first combat A-4, now called the V-2, was launched toward western Europe on September 7, 1944. Highly interested in the weapon, both American and Soviet forces scrambled to capture existing V-2 rockets and parts at the end of the war. In the conflict's final days, von Braun and Dornberger surrendered to American troops and assisted in further testing the missile before coming to the United States. While American V-2s were tested at the White Sands Proving Ground, Soviet V-2s were taken to Kapustin Yar. Working to develop more advanced rockets, von Braun's team at White Sands used variants of the V-2 up until 1952. The world's first successful large, liquid-fueled rocket, the V-2 broke new ground and was the basis for the rockets later used in the American and Soviet space programs. 

Sources:
- http://inventors.about.com/library/inventors/blrocketv2.htm
- http://militaryhistory.about.com/od/artillerysiegeweapons/p/v2rocket.htm